英语习语所用设喻形象对比趣谈_英语教学论文 英语作文网整理收集   
汉语中习语大致指人们习惯使用的成语典故,引语,俗语,歇后语和谚语等的集合体; 英语中的习语大 致可以包括一些 proverbs,sayings, colloquial phrases, allusions,一些idioms和slangs。
    通过对英汉习语对比学习,我们不仅能了解不同文化中语言的民族性特色,而且能从不同的设喻形象中获 得乐趣,觉得这样的学习不是苦差事,并且还能使记忆深刻,理解到位,使用地道,甚至对英汉互译也有帮助 。 
    笔者本着趣味性和使用性的原则,试着从一个hay stack 中找出几根 needle来,算管中窥豹吧,以下从四 个方面举例说明。 
    一.英汉习语所用设喻相似而意义相近的 
    great minds think alike.英雄所见略同; 
    courtesy costs nothing.礼多人不怪; 
    lovers' quarrels are soon mended.夫妻无隔夜仇; 
    the higher up, the greater the fall. 攀高跌重: 
    know something like the palm or back of one's hand 了如指掌; 
    constant dropping wears the stone 滴水穿石; 
    fish in troubled water 混水摸鱼; 
    great oaks from little acorns grow. 合抱之木,生于毫末; 
    pour oil on the flame 火上加油; 
    give somebody an inch and he'll take an mile. 得寸进尺; 
    lie down on the job. 磨洋工; 
    strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁; 
    walls have ears. 隔墙有耳; 
    the tailor makes the man. 人靠衣服马靠鞍; 
    a yes man 应声虫(跟屁虫); 
    at one's wit's end 才穷智尽; 
    hang by a thread 千钧一发; 
    plain sailing 一帆风顺; 
    follow in sb's footsteps 步人后尘; 
    bite off more than one can chew 贪多嚼不烂; 
    the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足; 
    wash one's hands of 洗手不干; 
    beauty is in the eye of the beholder. 情人眼里出西施; 
    run sb. to earth 钻入地缝也要抓到某人; 
    skin deep 肤浅。 
    以上此类由于设喻形象相似,因而最容易掌握,我们平时学习中要注意积累。 
    二.英汉习语所用设喻形象各异,意义却相近的 
    when a man is going downhill, everyone will give him apush. 墙倒众人推; 
    silken tongue 巧舌如簧; 
    a flash in the pan 昙花一现; 
    don't cry over spilt milk 生米已成熟饭; 
    put all one's eggs in one basket. 孤注一掷; 
    hold a wolf by the ears 骑虎难下; 
    between the devil and the deep sea 进退维谷; 
    kick the bucket 翘辫子,蹬腿儿(死了); 
    the longest day must have an end. 世上没有不散的宴席; 
    like a rat in the hole 瓮中捉鳖; 
    a good conscience is a soft pillow. 白天不做亏心事;半夜不怕鬼敲门; 
    birds of a feather 物以类聚,人以群分(一丘之貉); 
    you can't judge a tree by its bark.人不可貌相,海水不可斗量; 
    all is fish that comes to one's net. 抓到篮里便是菜; 
    cherish a snake in one's bosom 养虎为患; 
    diamond cut diamond 棋逢对手,将遇良才,(或针尖对麦芒); 
    new brooms sweep clean.新官上任三把火; 
    it never rains but it pours. 祸不单行; 
    hit the nail on the head 一针见血; 
    apple of one's eye 掌上明珠; 
    a lion in the way 拦路虎; 
    the pot calls the kettle black. 乌鸦笑猪黑(五十步笑一百步); 
    bury one's head in the sand 掩耳盗铃; 
    out of the frying pan into the fire 刚出虎穴,又入狼窝; 
    eat one's cake and have it 又要马儿跑,又要马儿不吃草; 
    cast pearls before a swine 对牛弹琴; 
    put the cart before the horse 本末倒置; 
    a black sheep 害群之马; 
    wet behind the ears 乳臭未干; 
    rob peter to pay paul 挖肉补疮; 
    penny wise and pound foolish 捡了芝麻,丢了西瓜; 
    have a card up one's sleeve 胸有成竹; 
    sit on the fence 脚踩两只船(随风倒); 
    cry wolf 烽火戏诸侯; 
    entertain an angel unawares 有眼不识泰山; 
    teach one's grandmother how to suck eggs 班门弄斧(关公门前耍大刀); 
    you can't make an omelet without breaking eggs. 巧妇难为无米之炊; 
    as bold as brass 脸如城墙厚; 
    use a sledge hammer to crack a nut 杀鸡用牛刀(高射炮打蚊子); 
    throw in the towel 拱手认负; 
    bury the hatchet 握手言和; 
    don't cross the bridge till you come to it. 车到山前必有路,船到桥头自然直; 
    live in a fool's paradise 做黄梁美梦; 
    place all one's cards on the table 打开天窗说亮话; 
    play second fiddle 唱配角; 
    stab sb in the back 放冷箭; 
    a blessing in disguise 塞翁失马,安知非福; 
    don't count the chicken before they're hatched. 不要揭锅太早。 
    以上此类收集较多是因为趣味性强。在对比学习的同时,我们不禁为不同文化中语言的民族特色而深深打 动。 
    三.英汉习语所用设喻形象相似而不可望文生义的 
    pull one's leg,指开玩笑而不是拉后腿的意思; 
    child's play,指简单容易而不是视同儿戏的意思; 
    strange bedfellows,指萍水相逢而不是同床异梦的意思; 
    in the same boat,指处于困境而不是同舟共济的意思; 
    to be 'touch and go'指危险处境而不是一触即发的意思; 
    once bitten, twice shy, 指一回上当两回乖(有积极含义)而不是一朝被蛇咬十年怕井绳(有消极的 含义)的意思; 
    throw a sprat to catch a whale, 指舍小利而求大利而不是抛砖引玉的意思; 
    one's hair stands on end,指恐惧而不是怒发冲冠的意思。 
    此类属于不可望文生义者,我们学习时要倍加注意。 
    四.英汉习语所用设喻形象相似而意义却恰恰相反的 
    like a fish out of water,与如鱼得水意义相反; 
    many a good cow hath a bad calf,与虎父无犬子意义相反; 
    cry stinking fish,与王婆卖瓜意义相反; hard words breakno bones,与恶语伤人六月寒意义相反 。 
    此类情形不多,不过在使用时我们可以“反其道而行之。” 
    结尾我们需要强调两点。 一是上文列举的英汉习语的对应并非“exactly the equivalent of each oth er”,所以我们需要根据上下文仔细揣摩,找出其细微差别,方能理解到位,使用起来才能避免词不达意。二 是本文强调了英汉习语设喻形象对照,目的是让学习者感兴趣和易于记忆,阅读英文原著时,也许我们更经常 见到的是这些英语习语的变体;翻译时我们大都使用它们的比喻义,而不是一见面就直译过来。                                       英语习语所用设喻形象对比趣谈_英语教学论文 英语作文网整理收集